Challenges and transformation in learning and teaching

Abstract

Challenges in teaching and learning, transformation in teaching and learning is a natural phenomenon which always goes on till the end. The growth of a country not only depends upon its economy but also the quality of a teacher and education have a complete responsibility in developing growth of a country. The main purpose of this paper is to understand the concept of difficulties faced by a teacher and learns, changes happening in the teaching and learning process. The technological revolution will continue to change the existing process in which a student should take advantage of opportunities in this new world. This paper explains what are all the challenges encountered by the teacher and leaner and it gives a complete solution to cope up with the tough situation. It describes transformation in the learning and teaching process, its advantages and disadvantages in that changes brought forth by technology. It gives understanding of what are all the changes taking place in an educational field (student centered learning, personalized learning, project based learning, play way method, artificial intelligence,  this paper describes a wide variety of technology that facilitate this transformation in education.

Keywords; Challenges, transformation, innovation, technology, learning, and teaching process, artificial intelligence, project, student centered learning.

Introduction                                

Challenges and transformation in the teaching and learning process is an important aspect of looking into it before going to the teaching profession. There are many new challenges and transformations taking place in the field of education. As challenges emerging new technology also will come into play its role to meet the challenges of the 21^st century, this advancement in technology leads to transformation or changes in the educational system. Now the challenges in classroom teaching can be accomplished by scientifically proven technology such as artificial intelligences and virtual learning can bring some innovative teaching methods to face the ongoing challenges in classroom teaching. In order to face the new challenges in the forms of complaints and. Procedure, a teacher needs to integrate the new technology and upgrade their knowledge.  Over the past ten year’s lot of challenges and changes have taken place in the field of education.

Challenges in teaching                 

1.Lack of time planning

Since a teaching profession has a lot of work schedule in their daily activities, it’s difficult to find time to deal with teaching and administrative work at the same time, in private school as compared to government school a lot of workload is being given in terms of academic work and nonacademic work. Hence, in the context of working in private school, teachers facing many problems from both sides since they have a tight work schedule they can’t cope up with the situation such as teaching, paper works, motivation, test construction, student monitoring, administrative work and to maintain the student listening consistency. For effective work each teacher should be given enough time to prepare for their classes, then only students’ interest in learning can be maintained for a long time through innovative teaching methodology. If one has a schedule for all days, there will be challenges in finding time for preparation and hence giving enough time will give them some kind of relaxation by which quality of work can be improved.

2.Lot of paperwork

Teacher deals with paperwork in terms of student answer paper connection, preparation of answer keys, maintaining records of each student, taking care of students co-curricular activities, conducting programs, all these activities need a lot of paperwork in an organized manner. This paperwork is prime evidence for students' activities.

3. Performance stress from administration

Generally private school administration expects quality of performance from their staff. invariably all the private management focusing on their employees in every aspect of their work, it places a very strict process when it comes to their salary point of view. As per the individual salary given by the institutions, the work and performance stress might different from person to person. Especially when staff are hugely paid, then they might get under the performance stress that happens largely in private management as compared to government institutions.

4. Balancing diverse learners needs

 Wherever we go, it is a natural phenomenon that each class has the diversity of students, diversity means in educational context there is difference in learning style among the students, every student has their own natural ability which varies from student to student, moreover, there is difference in understanding the concept of different theory. This  learning difference among the pupils influenced by many factors such as economics,  parent education, occupation, alcoholic, separated parent, and widowed, all these factors play a very vital role in psychological perspective of every student

5. Lack of proper funds

In order to conduct various educational programs that need enough funds from the respective management.  Even if there is a perfect plan for the very big event it will not happen unless proper funds are allocated. Hence, fund allocation is very important from the management side and to conduct any program successfully, it supports both academic and nonacademic areas.

6. Limitation of standardized test

Since there is a lot of learning differences among the students some kind of standardized test will not be fit for all the students, for example slow learners can’t perform as much as high level learner’s at the same time high achievers are always expected to take a test of their high learning needs, it is psychologically fair to conduct a separate test for slow and high learners, standardized test determined on the basis of difficulties and reliability, this difficulty and fairness of test varies among different categories of students.

7. Lack of parental support

Teaching process  will become a challenge if there is no support from the student parents, because there are only final authority of their children growth and development, it is a mutual responsibility of teacher and parent to share their  ideas, progress of the particular student, if some parents in any case does not cooperate with teacher, it may affect the progress of students performance in such cases teacher can’t meet complete needs and exception of  the student

8. Changing educational trends

Teaching process is changing according to emerging situations and trends. All the teacher needs to update them to keep pace with ongoing educational trends. Teachers should follow the blended way of teaching approach such as classroom traditional learning, virtual learning, self learning and student centered learning. Students can not go out from their home when a pandemic situation prevails ,in that case only virtual learning is suitable for both teacher and learner.

9. Engage student learning

In order to inspire and motivate student learning every instruction must focus on different kinds of teaching such as audio-visual, story telling, working models that will engage the students in a learning process. It will  also keep the student  attention and make them feel that learning  is an interesting process. play way methods also play a very vital  role in engaging student learning since children have a natural tendency to play. It is essential to implement play way methods in primary grade, as grade goes up the project  method should be implemented according to individual learning abilities.

10. Improving learning  outcomes.

There are three categories of students in each category: students should attain their level of learning achievements. For slow learners  the minimum attainment  level should be fixed, for average students moderate level of attainment should be fixed, for above-average students  the maximum attainment should be fixed, so this kind of  goal setting  will improve the learning outcome from each category of students (average, below, and above average)

11. Personalizing teaching

Individualized teaching approach called personalized teaching, In order to meet the needs of three categories of students individualized instructional process and learning materials should be given, so each pupil can reach their level of attainment with natural and without any struggle. Though the individual care is time consuming, the benefits of which are immense and fruitful, it is a psychological way of approaching the teaching process, this will help teachers to understand about their students background, physical and mental health.

12. Providing home work

All learning processes in a classroom must be replicated in students' homes as well, then only the continuity of learning will shift from one concept to others which will become easy task students. While giving homework to students  the care must be taken to avoid overload tasks, too much homework affects  the children mentally, physically and psychologically also there should be  enough time  for each subject to finish up the homework. Homework should be given in such a way that should not affect the natural growth of children. To avoid this problem simple work can be given as homework and difficult tasks can be taught in the classroom.

13. Understanding changing technology

Teachers have to keep pace with the changing technology.  A good teacher is always a good learner and hence each teacher needs to upgrade his/her knowledge to latest and changing technologies In order to update themselves every instructor should attend the teacher in service training programs, workshop, seminars which is offered by the government and nongovernmental organization and that will give them a upgraded knowledge, what we see today might not be the same tomorrow  tomorrow therefore concept is emerging every noun and then due to development of technology. In the teaching  process various  educational technologies are arriving. For example, webinars, workshops, online quiz competitions and to cope up with these technologies teachers must be able to tackle the situation. Also,  parallel importance should be given to computer literacy (handing all basic programs) . This whole up-gradation process can be achieved through involvement and taking in virtual learning.

Challenges in student learning

1. Parent involvement

Generally school students are in a learning process in every concept they have to study, since parents are considered being the first teacher they should try to know their present status, they should always need to keep touch with the teacher to know about their children, monitor their children’s progress and involvement. Parents should give prime importance to their children. It will improve their confidence level to be able to achieve.

2. Learning difficulties

 Physical and mental factors are responsible for learning disabilities, so every student should be examined periodically by checking their sense organs, since physical deformities will bring behavioral disorders every teacher must focus on the physical and mental health of each student. By identifying physical needs one can give an individualized teaching and learning environment for students management should make sure that every student checks periodically either at hospital or at school. The proper and timely identification of a physical defect of children gives them a chance of being treated as early as possible, then it will lead to betterment of students' learning process.

3. Time management

From exam point of view the time management is an important skill that needs to be attained by every students, since educational curriculum designed in such a way that particular of subject included in each grade and that subject need specific portion of time for learning, therefore time management should be thought to their students as to how to allot time for each subject in learning process. Some students  take much time in learning a particular subject which might lead them not finding enough time to learn other subjects, hence equal  preparation of time should be allotted for all subjects so that the learning process will become easy and holistic development is possible.

4. Learning environment

Some students learn quickly through group study and some students are like studying alone without other participation. socially  and economically deprived students come from a very poor background so we can not expect their home as a perfect place for study, in such cases the  proper learning environment should be created by the respective teacher and it can be done through setting up a special coaching as per students needs. Management should be aware of providing basic facilities such as cleanliness, spacious classroom, proper lighting and sitting facilities, play ground, library and laboratory, all these facilities will bring the holistic learning environment for students.

5. Teacher and student relationship

Teacher must have a cordial relationship with students, if students feel afraid of their teacher he or she will never ask any doubt regarding their subject then which will leads to communication gap and affect the student learning process, this kind of situation can be avoided by friendly and moderately strict approach will make the student fearless in asking doubt.  Innovative ways of teaching will make the students talk, discuss, and ask a question so one must be aware of two way methods of teaching.
 

Transformation in teaching and learning

Transformation defined as a change of activities from one phase to another, this shifting of phase can not happen at a day or hour, it is a gradual process in which transformation occur through various effort, thus human endeavor to change in education system is always trying to give new dimension to the teaching and learning process, presently what are see today might not be

Present in those days (ago a decade). Probability, what I see today might not be the same tomorrow as there is rapidly increasing science and technology happening by new discovery and invention. The changes in educational system is a basis for the emerging cutting edge technology and ongoing digital trends, so all the accomplishments in technology originated from the classroom and laboratory only, at their same time these technologies help in change of teaching and learning  process to understand the new concept and research process plays  a  vital role in bringing changes to entire educational system, in order to keep pace with emerging technology, problem, ongoing trends, and challenges in educational system need radical  transformation especially in developing  countries   like India and so  on, for  this purpose lot of funds   allocation in educational research is inevitable.

The principal aim of educational research is to meet the new demands of people put forth by our society and to develop student proficiency in various fields  that we need to focus on engorging education in all aspects. This process also seeks revised curriculum periodically so one can update her/his knowledge as per needs. The research and student propensity is substantially improved way better than previous decades in dealing with teaching and learning methodology. Though the educational system is changing to a new dimension like digital platforms, virtual learning, artificial  intelligences. It can not replace the traditional methods of teaching and learning as such, it can only be a supplement to the existing traditional teaching methods (classroom teaching) because psychologically the classroom teaching is very powerful tools than modern methods what we called as digital learning, the traditional methods has full potential to change entire scenario of a problem in in which modern virtual learning can be supplementary effort to bring sustainable and holistic development, though education technology (ict) cannot stimulate affective domains of pupils, it can bring changes in powerful cognitive domains of students in learning process.

The typical and perpetual use of educational technology should be fostered and projected by a number of media so that one can highlight and bring his/her idea, a performance that may trigger students to keep pace with emerging problems. One should prefer new technology to the old in some context to facilitate rapid growth in educational technology, at some time the parallel importance should be given priority to achieve all round development of children. we must acknowledge the status of educational transformation in technology, in order to maintain this status of accomplishment we need to have prompt effort and action to address the various problems. The dramatic transformation In educational teaching and learning process gives students gain in confidence that will alert them in terms of gravity (seriousness ) of the problem and magnitude (great size) of the issue

The skills modern era seeks (21st century)

·   Awareness of changing global environment

·   Learning innovative skills (creative thinking, problem-solving skills, communication,   

    collaboration)

·   Digital skill (understand computer literacy)

· Life and work skills. (Flexibility, adoptability, self positive motivation, productivity, and responsibility) Discourage  rote learning (mug up) and encourage conceptual learning. Give equal respect (importance) to all subjects. The teacher training should be given the best class training. Skills of introducing new technology and skills of personalized learning, teaching process.

Transformation in teaching and learning process

1.Student  centered learning

 Students sharing their ideas to each other instead of exclusively focus on teacher instruction in which students and teachers communicate equally. In this method, students’ group activity is engorged and students learn to collaborate and interact with each other. In the present year, most of the teachers have stepped towards a student centered on learning. As it is a psychologically appropriate method it has become a mostly likeable approach in the teaching and learning process. When it comes to teaching the best way is to use a combination of methods  (students and teacher centered) here students may have their own choice of topic in which open discussion is allowed and all the students interact with each other also with the teacher. The evaluation process takes place from both side (teacher and learner), students work together and learn to understand each other even there is a chance of shy and afraid students come up with innovative ideas and thoughts that will shape the learning process, the major advantages of student centered learning is that students motivation, interest, communications, and collaborations, are encouraged, the disadvantages of this part is that noisy classroom and it is difficult to manage all the group work by the teacher.

2. Project based learning

This kind of learning is also called learning by doing in which pupils learn the activity step by step by hands-on training. While giving a project-based activity, the three categories of students must be identified (below average, average, above average) and give as per their natural ability, project is given on the basis of time availability, material and money availability, this hands on training gives students of self confidence, discovery, invention, and individual participation. In recent days most of the schools, colleges follow project based learning, as it is provided conceptual and it is proven to be a very effective method. The disadvantages of this part is that money and time consuming. So, proper fund collocation is crucial to meet the needs of the students.

3. Placed based learning also called a field trip

The students are taken to various historical and famous places where they get direct and live experiences. It will stimulate their memories of life forever, moreover, it enhances students’ interest as students like to go out and learn something. Since a famous place has its own historical background and scientific fact, the students get to know the special feature of that particular place. Each earning from a field trip will give them a fascinating aspect of thinking and learning, it gives them a great opportunity to expose them to the external world in terms of knowledge, culture, belief and ongoing trends in various fields.

4. Play way method

It is a learning concept by playing also called as activity based on learning method; it is introduced by Frobel  and MARIA MONTEESWARI since then it has become very popular across the world, since students have a natural tendency to play it is  an effective method of learning anything easily through playing. Hence all the educational institutions giving much importance to the game both indoor and out-door games are very popular among students, it gives them healthy competition and learn culture from all walks of life, peace and harmony.

5. Virtual learning

Virtual learning also called as digital and e- learning in which pupils learn synchronous (online) and asynchronous (offline) leaning  through internet connectivity. Due to the wide spread of internet availability it reach the unreached people in a remote area. It enhances and spread quality of education across the world and it offers learning at anywhere anytime with affordable cost.  Recently many educational institutions are getting aware of online education because this kind of education connect all together at one place and especially when there is no chance of being meet together in a particular place.

Various online platforms are available to provide quality virtual education due to that education has now becomes at anyone fingertips. This method can be blended with the traditional method of classroom teaching for a very effective transformation of the educational process. Virtual platform provide natural interaction as they were in the classroom.

Disadvantages- lack of internet speed, lack of student motivation, lack of student monitor, electricity storage.

6. Artificial intelligence

It is also called artificial intelligence. Humans learn better from previous experiences that offer him to analyse that particular task as to how to perform well in the next chance of the same process. Similarly artificial intelligence  is  programmed  in such a  way that acts and think like a human being, artificial intelligence  learns from previous experiences and analyses that do better without error. To put it simply, artificial intelligence think and act like a human being by analyzing previous data. Recently artificial intelligence has been used for many purposes in educational fields as follows.

Application

1. Administrative service (student admission)

2. Guidance (solution to the problem)

3. Source of information (storage of data)

4. Study material (personalized material)

5. Student attention (monitor)

6. Experiment (dangerous experiment)

AI learns through trial-and-error method, and it do better than previous action, it function on the basis of three principles

1. learning

2. self improvement

3. problem solving

 AI is highly advanced technology in which a lot of educational research needs to be done in terms of enhances quality of educational process, government should allocate fund for pursuing  this kind  of research in education

Conclusion

Challenges in teaching and learning, transformation in teaching and learning have brought a new dimension to our educational system. Both traditional and modern technology has the potential of changing and overcoming challenges in the teaching and learning process. The blended way of teaching approach (traditional and modern) would be the best practice for teaching and learning activities. There are a number of challenges in education that are overcome by emerging technology and it achieves targeted goals to the maximum extent. Generally, any technology and education that should meet the demands of three domains of all round development (cognitive, affective, and psychomotor) for the three categories of students (below average, average, and above average) then it will pave the way for holistic development.

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